1. Balance
   First Quarter
2. Hope
   Time

Hope is one of the most powerful feelings humanity has been considered so even since ancient times. Consider the tale of Pandora's box in which all the evils of the world are released from this mysterious box and only one thing remained behind, hope itself.

1. Earth
   Air
2. Fire
   Water

Earth is the glyph shown here and for many ancient peoples the Earth was not just an inanimate thing but the source of life itself, a spiritual being that had its own life force. We still hold onto this idea today when we speak of Mother Earth. One of the most famous Earth goddesses was Gaia from Greek mythology, the personification of Earth and the mother of all life. It's said she birthed the Titans who in turn birthed the gods.

1. Blood
   Balance
2. Life
   Dark

Balance has long been an important part of mythology and mysticism. Keeping things in balance is key to maintaining order. In Greek mythology, the goddess Adrestia was seen as an inescapable force of balance in the universe. She followed her father Ares to war and was a divine source of retribution and justice. If you wanted a wrong righted and balance restored, this was the goddess who could make it happen.

1. Sword
   Sky
2. Death
   Energy

This is the moon glyph that represents energy. Historically, the concept of energy can be traced back to ancient Greece. Aristotle wrote of the concept but it was much different than modern ideas and included things like happiness. Aristotle focused on potentiality and actuality, how things had the potential or possibility to be a certain way, as opposed to what actually happened.

1. Water
   Fate
2. Power
   Time

What you see here is the glyph for power, though what kind of power that means is open to interpretation. In Ancient Egyptian culture, the Pharaoh was the source of all power in society. He would not just rule the land politically but he was the representative of the gods on Earth as well.

1. Fear
   Life
2. Time
   Fire

Like all of the primal elements, fire was believed to be associated with a number of gods in ancient cultures. As a giver of warmth and a tool for cooking or smelting fire could be both destructive or nurturing. And so, in Greek mythology, Hephaestus was the god of volcanos and the forge.

1. Horse
   Water
2. Will
   Thought

Water has long been a source of intrigue and myth and many ancient cultures have associated gods with water. The Celts believed in numerous water deities including Belisama, Lir, Sinann and others. The goddess Danu was believed to be the mother of the Tuatha Dé Danann who were essentially fairy folk. Her name, Danu, may be the source of the name of the Danube river.

1. Light
   Knowledge
2. Time
   Stone

Nearly every ancient culture believed in the power of light and had a god or many gods associated with it. In Chinese mythology, the dragon Zhulong creates light by opening his eyes and the Greeks believed Apollo was the god of the sun.

1. Steel
   Air
2. Darkness
   Memory

One of the four primal elements, air is the glyph shown here. Most native cultures believed in wind spirts like Tate, the Lakotan wind spirit or Ehecatl, an Aztec god of the wind. Ehecatl was an aspect of the feathered serpent god Quetzalcoatl and temples for him were cylindrical in shape to reduce wind resistance since he was a wind god.

1. Death
   Wisdom
2. Sorrow
   Crown

Crowns as emblematic of rulers date back to the diadems worn by Persian emperors that were later adopted by rulers like Constantine. Most European cultures adopted them at some point in time, though they're not present in many other cultures. That said, variations like ceremonial headdresses did exist in many cultures such as Native American.

1. Beast
   Dark
2. Sword
   Love

The glyph shown here is the one for dark. Some ancient cultures believed in a physical manifestation of the night, a god of darkness who controlled or created the night. The Norse believed in Nott who was the personification of night and the grandmother of Thor. She was also the mother of the god Dagr, who was the personification of day.

1. Light
   Despair
2. Time
   Sword

The earliest known swords date back to around 3300 BC. They were made of bronze and were typically shorter bladed weapons than what you might picture today as a result of the relatively low strength of bronze. Swords of iron started being manufactured as early as the 12th century BC and were widespread within about 400 years. Celtic cultures were some of the first to make them.

1. Horse
   Mountain
2. Fate
   Life

Horses have been important to the advancement of mankind, and society owes a lot to them. They were first domesticated around 4,000 BC in the Eurasian Steppes around present-day Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Graves found in Russia and Kazakhstan dating back to 2100 BC show the bodies of horses interred alongside humans with chariots, showing their importance to the culture.

1. Fear
   Time
2. Destruction
   Temperance

In Greek mythology, fear was personified by the god Phobos, from which we get the word phobia. He was the child of Aphrodite, the goddess of love, and Ares, the god of war. Phobos would go to war with his father alongside his twin brother Deimos, the god of terror, and his aunt Eris, the goddess of strife.

1. Reason
   Tree
2. Life
   Volcano

In the Babylonian creation myth, all life came from the beings Apsu and Tiamat who existed in the cosmos before anything else. They created two gods and from those gods, others came, including Marduk, who made man from his own blood.

1. Eclipse
   Moon
2. Time
   Forest

Time has been a profound concept for many cultures in history. The Ancient Egyptians believed in a god named Heh who was the personification of infinity. He was often depicted as a frog-headed human while his female counterpart was a snake-headed woman.

1. Night
   Iron
2. Bone
   Blood

The color red and blood have been integral to the beliefs of many cultures. In some Mesoamerican beliefs, mankind was created when gods forged humans from clay and imbued them with the blood of gods.

1. Will
   Knowledge
2. Intuition
   Despair

The will of man has long been believed to be a source of immeasurable power. According to Aztec beliefs, Huitzilopochtli was a god of will depicted as a hummingbird. Ironically, this god is also one of their most important gods of war as well and human sacrifice in his name was common practice. His strength of will helped guide the Aztecs from Aztlan to the Valley of Mexico

1. Loss
   Death
2. Sky
   Sea

This seemingly innocuous symbol is the glyph for death. While many modern beliefs associated with death are grim and scary, that was not always the case. Many cultures believed death to simply be another phase in life and symbolically, as in Tarot cards, death merely means transformation.

1. Star
   Sun
2. Door
   New Moon

As you can imagine, a new moon is strongly associated with new beginnings and wiping the slate clean. While some cultures had gods that were represented by the moon, others had gods specifically represented by the new moon such as the Sumerian goddess Sadarnuna or the Roman goddess Juna, whose Greek counterpart was Hera.

1. Dawn
   Waxing crescent
2. Waning gibbous
   Desire

It's believed the waxing crescent is a moon of hope and the things you wish for the future. It's a good time to start some new projects in your life. The goddess Artemis, who was the patron of young women and a goddess of childbirth, was often shown with a crescent moon in her hair.

1. First quarter moon
   Loss
2. Last quarter moon
   Certainty

During the first quarter moon you should be putting plans into action. You might meet some resistance but that's to be expected, you just need to power through. Strength, determination and concentration are really building during this time. Representing the potential of what is to come, this moon is just starting on its way to something more, which is why it represents such potential.

1. Joy
   Confusion
2. Persistence
   Waxing gibbous

This glyph here is the waxing gibbous moon. A waxing moon had a lot of symbolism, depending on the time of year. It's said that there are parts of the British Isles where a waxing moon on Christmas was a sign that there would be a good crop the next fall.

1. Sun
   Full moon
2. Eclipse
   Night

In this glyph, the sun and moon are on opposite sides of the earth. Full moons have been pervasive in numerous myths and legends, the most popular of which is the mythology surrounding creatures like werewolves which transforms under the moon's light. Werewolf lore can be found throughout Europe in the Middle Ages as well as in Ancient Greece and Turkic folklore.

1. Last quarter
   Enlightenment
2. Waning gibbous
   Truth

Some call the waning gibbous a grateful moon, and in terms of rituals, it's considered the time to remove negative energies. Those who practice magic during this phase focus on things like banishing and cleansing spells to help eliminate dark and negative influences from their lives in preparation for the coming new moon.

1. Last quarter moon
   Fear
2. Night
   Potential

Some of the themes associated with the last quarter moon are forgiveness and letting go. It's a parallel to the moon growing smaller that you too should let go of things and downsize. In terms of lunar magic, there are few spells associated with this time of the month as it's considered a good time to simply rest and recharge your energy.

1. Waning crescent moon
   Waxing gibbous moon
2. Night
   Dawn

The waning crescent, sometimes called a Balsamic moon, is on its way to becoming a new moon and many believe this moon phase represents a time of surrender and recuperation during which you should rest and relax. People born under a waning crescent moon are said to benefit from the wisdom of an aged moon and are more intuitively psychic than others.