1. Botany
   Agronomy
2. Mechanical engineering
   Zootechnics

Agronomy is the essential discipline that covers, among other subjects, soil science and crop management. Agronomy is responsible for increasing crop yields and quality and a cornerstone of agriculture programs.

1. Wheat
   Corn
2. Sugar
   Rice

Wheat is a staple in diets around the world, being the crucial block in bread, spirits, pasta and pizza. The low-yielding crop covers much of the northern hemisphere in waving amber fields. Corn, rice and soybeans round out the other top-planted crops.

1. Hornets
   Caterpillars
2. Bees
   Butterflies

There's been a lot of buzz about disappearing bees, and for good reason: Bees contribute about $20 billion to the United States agriculture business each year by pollinating plants. When a farmer wants to plant a new crop, they will often bring beehives to help start the crops.

1. Apricots
   Grapefruits
2. Cantaloupe
   Cherries

While stone fruits like cherries and citrus fruits like grapefruit grow on trees, cantaloupes grow on the ground. Heavy melons are better suited to growing on the ground on vines in fertile soil, where they do not have to contend with gravity prior to ripening.

1. Vintage
   Heirloom
2. Ancestor
   Ancient

Today, most crops are planted from a small group of commercial mass-produced seeds. In order to maintain genetic variety, some farmers plant heirloom crops, which is the term referring to an old version of a fruit or vegetable.

1. Aquaculture
   Agrivoltaic
2. Biological dispersal
   Agroforestry

That person is advocating for agroforestry, a land-use strategy that combines perennial woody plants like trees and shrubs and crops on the same plot of land. Advantages include more fertile soil and cleaner groundwater.

1. HPPD
   Glyphosate
2. Diammonium Phosphate
   Atrazine

Agribusiness giant Monsanto revolutionized farming in 1976 with the release of a glyphosate-based herbicide named Roundup. They sold seeds that were immune to the herbicide and dominated the market. Today, the possible dangers of the product are hotly debated.

1. 7 gallons
   2 gallons
2. 17 gallons
   27 gallons

After a cow gives birth to a calf it begins producing milk. Then they are milked a few times a day to produce around 7 gallons of milk each day. Cows need to eat 100 pounds of food each day in order to be able to produce this much milk.

1. Planting different crops in the same area
   Separating different animals in the barn
2. Using natural fertilizers
   Planting crops from different cultures

Polyculture is the practice of planting numerous different crops alongside one another to create a holistic ecosystem that benefits immunity, reduces land-usage and can increase yield.

1. Swather
   Baler
2. Wheelrake
   Skid steer

You would use a swarther, also known as a windrower, to cut down hay in a way that it dries faster before it can be bailed. These machines have sickles and can be pulled by a tractor or driven with their own engine.

1. Parturition
   Gelding
2. Weaning
   Pollinator

The scientific term for the action of giving birth is parturition. The birthing process has different names for different species, though, such as kidding for goats and calving for cows.

1. Thomas Coke
   Robert Bakewell
2. Eli Whitney
   Jethro Tull

Jethro Tull was a major figure in the British Agriculture Revolution, changing the way people thought about soil fertility and creating machines that allowed for crops to be planted quicker and more efficiently.

1. Lavender
   Dandelions
2. Clover
   Radishes

There is no luck behind the notion of planting clover in a fallow field. The weed increases soil richness without the need for any fertilizers, making it an ideal choice for organic farming.

1. Forest fires
   Mineral weathering
2. Road runoff
   Irrigation

The process of soil salinity occurs when salt is brought to the top of the soil, causing crop damage and soil erosion. Runoff from road salt and irrigation are large causes, while natural conditions such as mineral weathering also contribute.

1. Ladybugs
   Kudzu bugs
2. Hessian fly
   Blister beetles

Cute little ladybugs are also an excellent defense against aphids. Farmers try and attract or introduce ladybugs, who can eat up to 5,000 aphids in a lifetime. Ladybug larvae will also eat hostile insects, making these tiny beetles useful allies throughout their entire lifespan.

1. It is the only way to grow soybeans.
   To prevent soil erosion
2. To discourage rodents from eating crops
   It is the only way to be certified organic.

No-till farming has a host of benefits, including decreased soil-erosion, increased fertility and saving money on tilling equipment. Tilling is the practice of agitating the land to prepare for a new crop, typically when the farmer wants to change what is being planted in a field.

1. Lavender
   Tomatoes
2. Clover
   Alfa-alfa

Not only does lavender smell amazing and a purple splash of beauty to a farm, it is an excellent source of pollen that attracts bees to your area. Lavender rows can be planted in between other crops to create a buzzing ecosystem.

1. Abattoir
   Hydroponics
2. Cold frame
   Granary

A cold frame acts as a smaller version of a greenhouse, consisting of a box with a glass frame. The device allows sunlight in while preventing heat from escaping at night, creating a safe condition for seedbeds to germinate.

1. Ewe
   Doe
2. Gelding
   Kid

Sheep are ruminant mammals that love to chew on grass, which is aided by their lack of front teeth. Mature female sheep go by the term ewe, while males are known as rams.

1. Food that is growing without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers
   Food that is not grown from GMO seeds
2. Food that hasn't been treated by the chemical Roundup
   Food that meets a nutrient threshold greater than normal produce

In order for food to be labeled organic, it must not come in contact with chemical fertilizers, herbicides or pesticides and cannot be treated with industrial finishers. This can cause problems when chemicals blow from a non-organic farm to an organic one.

1. The moon
   It occurs spontaneously
2. A rooster's caw
   A photosensitive eye gland

Surprisingly, the egg-laying process begins when light hits a photosensitive gland near a female chicken's eyes. This kicks off a day-long cycle where the chicken will eventually lay an egg through muscular contraction.

1. Tiller
   Skid-steer
2. Auger
   Windrower

The skid-steer is a versatile machine-powered rigid-bodied vehicle that can serve many uses on a farm. Hydraulic attachments can do everything from clean turkey poop from a barn to till a field.

1. Sounder
   Gaggle
2. Gig
   Husker

Piglets are born in litters while a group of adult pigs is referred to as a sounder. Due to their excellent sense of smell, the sounder of pigs is likely searching the ground for food with their big noses.

1. Cherries
   Watermelon
2. Oranges
   Tomatoes

Search a farmer's market to in the heat of summer to find an abundance of tomatoes, cherries and watermelons, depending on where you live. Citrus fruits like oranges and limes are harvested during the winter.

1. Let's you know when to harvest
   Strategic planning on when to plow
2. Determines what crops you can plant on your land
   Helps prevent pest management

Meteorology is the study of short-term weather patterns, which allows you to determine how to best manage your crops. Longer-term climate and soil type bears more impact on what you decide to plant.

1. Hay
   Peat
2. Sod
   Pumice

Peat is naturally occurring in certain biospheres such as bogs, but it also is a result of farming land. It can be harvested as a source of fuel and as an addition to soil for horticulture.

1. Trellising
   Irrigation
2. Tilling
   Threshing

A trellis system is necessary to train the wild grape vines to grow in a manner that produces the highest quality fruit and makes it easiest to harvest. Other fruits can benefit from a trellis system as well.

1. Rotator
   Coffin bone
2. Frog
   Navicular bone

The frog is a triangular part of the horse's hoof inside located on the underside. The soft area is used as a shock absorber when the horse is walking but is very sensitive and must be protected otherwise.

1. Urea
   Superphosphate
2. Anydrous Ammonia
   Oxybenzone

While organic farmers opt for natural fertilizers such as manure, chemical fertilizers can be very effective at increasing crop yields. The first three chemicals on the list are found in most fertilizers while Oxybenzone is found in sunscreen.

1. Clevis
   Grubber
2. Dibber
   Yoke

The clevis pin is found on every farm because it is used to attach a variety of equipment in a strong and sturdy manner. The system is three pieces, including the horseshoe-shaped clevis, a pin and a tang.

1. Making rope
   Feeding livestock
2. Building furniture
   Artificial Sweetener

The industrial hemp industry is on the ascent after the United States passed a bill that allowed farmers to plant the crop without fear of retribution. The billion-dollar industry is fueled by the plant's versatile nature. Popular hemp products include textiles, compostable plastic and fuel.

1. Soybean
   Sorghum
2. Rice
   Pistachios

Legumes are a family of edible seed in which the seed is produced inside of the pod. The most popularly planted legume is soybeans, but some of the other seeds belonging to this family include lentils, lima beans and peas.

1. Insignia
   Verasion
2. Sucrose point
   Brix

Scientist Adolf Brix created a formula to measure the sugar content in a liquid solution so that farmers and vintners would have a better of the optimum time to harvest fruit. One degree of Brix represents 1 part sugar in 100 grams of the liquid solution.

1. Stellenbosch
   Carhartt
2. John Deere
   Boeing

Founded in 1837, John Deere is synonymous with farming in North America. The company's green and yellow tractors are a ubiquitous sight across the continent, although Deere also produces a wide array of farming equipment.

1. Crabs
   Oysters
2. Tilapia
   Shrimp

Oysters are a mollusk that has been farmed since Roman times for food and pearls. After the farmer spawns oysters, they have a variety of methods to raise the oyster into maturation. One method involves placing the spawned oysters onto firm surfaces where they are left to mature.